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Three Deaths (drama)
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Three Deaths (drama) : ウィキペディア英語版
Three Deaths (drama)

''Three Deaths'' (Tri smerti, Три смерти) is a lyrical drama by Apollon Maykov, part of his cycle of work dealing with the history of early Christianity. Its first version, called "The Choice of Death", finished in 1851, couldn't be published due to problems with censorship and first appeared in print severely cut, under the title ''Three Deaths'' in 1857, in the October (No.10) issue of ''Biblioteka Dlya Chtenyia''. The final version of it appeared in the ''Complete A.N. Maykov'' (1893).
==Background==
''Three Deaths'' is part of the long series of poems dealing with the issue of the early Christianity and its conflict with ancient cultures of Ancient Greece and Rome. This concept was first mentioned by Maykov in the late 1830s. The first attempt to put it into realization came in the early 1840s with the poem "Olynthus and Esther" (1841, subtitled: "Scenes of Rome of the 5th century AD"). In the preface the author explained that he wanted to "show the antagonism of the two ideas" that clashed in the late Roman Empire and "just couldn't co-exist peacefully... sensuality and spirituality, the outer and inner life - they emerged as enemies, in direct opposition to each other and were doomed to fight till death." 〔 The poem was criticized by Vissarion Belinsky who also expressed his opinions as to how this issue could be developed.〔The Complete V.G.Belinsky in 13 volumes. Moscow, 1953-1959, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, vol. IV, p.2223〕
Before starting the work, Maykov has done a lot of research work, using the major available historical documents dealing with the epoch when the events were taking place. "Studying philosophical ideas (the time ) gave birth to The Three Deaths, the play that has been written in the course of a long time. In fact, I started upon it several times, trying to improve one character of the other, depending which school of thought I was under the influence of - the Epicureanism or the Stoicism," he wrote in the autobiographical notes in the end of 1850.〔The Literary Yearly, 1975, p. 80〕

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